ZONE OF SECURITY AND PROTECTION ZONE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECT IN RUSSIAN LEGISLATION AND THE BUFFER ZONE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: CORRELATION OF CATEGORIES

Abstract

The article analyses such concepts of Russian public legislation as ‘zone of security of an object of cultural heritage’ and ‘protection zone of an object of cultural heritage’ in the Federal Law ‘On objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation’ of 25.06.2002 No. 73-FL and the category ‘buffer zone’ used in international law. The provisions of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) and the mechanisms described in the current Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (2013) are examined. Gaps in national legislation are identified that allow people to engage in business and other economic activities within the protection zone of cultural monuments affecting cultural and historical environment. It is established that the norms of international and national legislation on the protection of monuments are not consistent with the relevant terminology, therefore real and effective procedures for the preservation of cultural heritage sites are not guaranteed. Having analysed judicial proceedings on illegal economic activities on the territory of cultural heritage sites, the author concluded that the courts do not have a single approach to the obligation to comply with the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Today, a flexible approach to prohibitions and restrictions on the territory of monuments is needed. It is important to maintain a balance between the investment and tourist appeal of regions, conduct conservation and repair work, and respect the rights of landowners. It is necessary to reconsider approaches to defining protection zones for monuments, starting with matching such concepts as ‘zone of security‘ and ‘protection zone’ with the category ‘buffer zone’.

Keywords

buffer zone; protection zone of an object of cultural heritage; zone of security of an object of cultural heritage; Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage; object of cultural heritage

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About the Author

Marina S. Trofimova – PhD in Law, Docent; Head of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure, Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia. E-mail: Marina.Trofimova@novsu.ru. SPIN РИНЦ 7065-1903

For citation:
Trofimova M.S. Zone of Security and Protection Zone of Cultural Heritage Object in Russian Legislation and the Buffer Zone in International Law: Correlation of Categories // BENEFICIUM. 2020. No. 3 (36). pp. 55-67. (In Russ.). DOI: http://doi.org/10.34680/BENEFICIUM.2020.3(36).55-67