FINANCIAL AND PERSONNEL ISSUES OF FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE PEOPLE’S COURTS OF THE NOVGOROD PROVINCE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the processes of the formation of the system of courts of general jurisdiction after the 1917 October Revolution on the example of Novgorod province. On the basis of archival materials, the principles of financing and personnel organization of district courts have been studied. The policy of the Soviet government in relation to the judiciary is considered. The role of local bodies of Soviet power in the management of courts is characterized. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the author characterizes the ways and methods by which the Soviet authorities solved the personnel problem in judicial institutions during the civil war. The article analyzes the norms of the first decrees that governed the judicial system and legal proceedings in Soviet Russia, as well as the material support of judges and judicial officials. The author reveals the problems of organizing the functioning of local courts on the basis of a comparative analysis with similar practice in other regions of Russia. The article presents the author's opinion regarding the views in the scientific literature on the transformation of the content of the functions of the judiciary bodies due to implementing of an administrative-command system in the country. The problem of ensuring the representation of the people in the implementation of legal proceedings is touched upon. The incompatibility of the institutions of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the jury is explained. The fact of the retrograde orientation in the practice of judicial construction is proved in comparison with the era of the Judicial Reform of 1864. In conclusion, the author characterizes the first years of the proletarian state as the time of the loss of the basic principles of judicial procedure that characterize judicial activity in democratic societies. The court lost its independence and turned into an element of the state mechanism of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Keywords

the staff of the courts; people's courts; the Novgorod Province since 1917; Сouncils of deputies; judicial districts

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About the Author

Dmitry S. Kozlov – External Doctoral Candidate, Department of Theory of State and Law, Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia. E-mail: Kozloff.dm@yandex.ru

For citation:
Kozlov D.S. Financial and Personnel Issues of Formation and Functioning of the People's Courts of the Novgorod Province // BENEFICIUM. 2020. No. 3 (36). pp. 68-76. (In Russ.). DOI: http://doi.org/10.34680/BENEFICIUM.2020.3(36).68-76