ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OR A GENERATOR OF PROBLEMS AND THREATS?

Abstract

The article examines the problems of the development of artificial intelligence at the present stage and emphasizes the need to develop scientific research in all areas of intelligence: human, biological and artificial. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems and limitations of the current level of artificial intelligence development. The relevance of the problem under consideration lies in the fact that the work analyzes a set of problems that determine the factors of the development and use of artificial intelligence, since the idea of artificial intelligence arose among people relatively recently and this understanding is rapidly developing. The term “artificial intelligence” was proposed by John McCarthy in 1956 at Dortmund College at a conference on the “mechanization of intelligence”. Changes in society related to the development of AI have been happening and are happening constantly and, judging by the basis on which AI is developing, will never stop, since its development is completely based on the capabilities of the human mind, and we cannot determine its potential even approximately. Currently, AI is penetrating almost all areas of human activity and will dominate them. The future of AI is limitless and depends only on its creators and users. The transformations that the use of artificial intelligence brings often radically change our daily lives and relationships. The ongoing changes contain both undoubted significant positive effects that greatly facilitate the solution of various problems, as well as pitfalls that manifest themselves in various aspects: starting from imperfections of applied technical solutions and ending in ethical and social areas, which result not only in current technical, technological, and social problems, but also potentially significant threats that pose the danger of human existence itself. The article shows that there is a need to clarify some concepts of AI, to determine the direction of AI development. Research in the work has shown that developments are conducted mainly in the field of “weak” artificial intelligence. They are mainly focused on commercialization and early implementation of practical results. In this regard, the authors note the need to strengthen fundamental and exploratory research on the properties of intelligence and the creation of scientific foundations for the practical implementation of “strong” AI systems. In the long run, AI, as a tool for optimizing and accelerating various processes, has a future that promises its maximum possible use and development in attempts to achieve, and eventually try to surpass human intelligence. In this regard, it is necessary to provide for possible positive and negative consequences, to determine the boundaries and direction of the use of artificial intelligence so that people do not become victims of unsuccessful developments, and humanity can benefit from this invention.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, definitions and types of AI, artificial intelligence technologies, AI threats

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About the Authors

Oksana M. Makhalina – Dr. Sci. (Economics), Professor; Professor, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: moxanam@mail.ru. SPIN РИНЦ 7459-8891. ORCID 0000-0002-1234-8499. ResearcherID: C-9261-2019

Viktor N. Makhalin – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Docent; Associate Professor, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: mahalinviktor@mail.ru. SPIN РИНЦ 3557-6833. ORCID 0000-0001-5294-5856. ResearcherID: C-9255-2019

For citation: Makhalina O.M., Makhalin V.N. Artificial Intelligence: a Driver of Economic Development or a Generator of Problems and Threats? // Beneficium. 2024. Vol. 1(50). Pp. 14-21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.34680/BENEFICIUM.2024.1(50).14-21